Romans 6

Dead to Sin, Alive to God

1 What shall we say then? ¹Are we to continue in sin that grace may abound?

2 By no means! How can ²we who died to sin still live in it?

3 Do you not know that all of us ³who have been baptized ⁴into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death?

4 We were ⁵buried therefore with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as ⁶Christ was raised from the dead by ⁷the glory of the Father, we too might walk in ⁸newness of life.

5 For ⁹if we have been united with him in ¹⁰a death like his, we shall certainly be united with him in a resurrection like his.

6 We know that ¹¹our old self^[a]12was crucified with him in order that ¹³the body of sin might be brought to nothing, so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin.

7 For ¹⁴one who has died ¹⁵has been set free^[b] from sin.

8 Now ¹⁶if we have died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him.

9 We know that ¹⁷Christ, being raised from the dead, will never die again; ¹⁸death no longer has dominion over him.

10 For the death he died he died to sin, ¹⁹once for all, but the life he lives he lives to God.

11 So you also must consider yourselves ²⁰dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus.

12 Let not ²¹sin therefore reign in your mortal body, to make you obey its passions.

13 ²²Do not present your members to sin as instruments for unrighteousness, but ²³present yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life, and your members to God as instruments for righteousness.

14 For ²⁴sin ²⁵will have no dominion over you, since you are not under law but under grace.

Slaves to Righteousness

15 What then? ²⁶Are we to sin ²⁷because we are not under law but under grace? By no means!

16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves ²⁸to anyone as obedient slaves,^[c] you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin, which leads to death, or of obedience, which leads to righteousness?

17 But ²⁹thanks be to God, that you who were once slaves of sin have become obedient from the heart to the ³⁰standard of teaching to which you were committed,

18 and, ³¹having been set free from sin, ³²have become slaves of righteousness.

19 ³³I am speaking in human terms, because of your natural limitations. For ³⁴just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members ³⁵as slaves to righteousness leading to sanctification.

20 ³⁶For when you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness.

21 ³⁷But what fruit were you getting at that time from the things ³⁸of which you are now ashamed? ³⁹For the end of those things is death.

22 But now that you ⁴⁰have been set free from sin and ⁴¹have become slaves of God, ⁴²the fruit you get leads to sanctification and ⁴³its end, eternal life.

23 ⁴⁴For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Romans 6 Commentary

Chapter 6

Believers must die to sin, and live to God. (1,2) This is urged by their Christian baptism and union with Christ. (3-10) They are made alive to God. (11-15) And are freed from the dominion of sin. (16-20) The end of sin is death, and of holiness everlasting life. (21-23)

Verses 1-2 The apostle is very full in pressing the necessity of holiness. He does not explain away the free grace of the gospel, but he shows that connexion between justification and holiness are inseparable. Let the thought be abhorred, of continuing in sin that grace may abound. True believers are dead to sin, therefore they ought not to follow it. No man can at the same time be both dead and alive. He is a fool who, desiring to be dead unto sin, thinks he may live in it.

Verses 3-10 Baptism teaches the necessity of dying to sin, and being as it were buried from all ungodly and unholy pursuits, and of rising to walk with God in newness of life. Unholy professors may have had the outward sign of a death unto sin, and a new birth unto righteousness, but they never passed from the family of Satan to that of God. The corrupt nature, called the old man, because derived from our first father Adam, is crucified with Christ, in every true believer, by the grace derived from the cross. It is weakened and in a dying state, though it yet struggles for life, and even for victory. But the whole body of sin, whatever is not according to the holy law of God, must be done away, so that the believer may no more be the slave of sin, but live to God, and find happiness in his service.

Verses 11-15 The strongest motives against sin, and to enforce holiness, are here stated. Being made free from the reign of sin, alive unto God, and having the prospect of eternal life, it becomes believers to be greatly concerned to advance thereto. But, as unholy lusts are not quite rooted out in this life, it must be the care of the Christian to resist their motions, earnestly striving, that, through Divine grace, they may not prevail in this mortal state. Let the thought that this state will soon be at an end, encourage the true Christian, as to the motions of lusts, which so often perplex and distress him. Let us present all our powers to God, as weapons or tools ready for the warfare, and work of righteousness, in his service. There is strength in the covenant of grace for us. Sin shall not have dominion. God's promises to us are more powerful and effectual for mortifying sin, than our promises to God. Sin may struggle in a real believer, and create him a great deal of trouble, but it shall not have dominion; it may vex him, but it shall not rule over him. Shall any take occasion from this encouraging doctrine to allow themselves in the practice of any sin? Far be such abominable thoughts, so contrary to the perfections of God, and the design of his gospel, so opposed to being under grace. What can be a stronger motive against sin than the love of Christ? Shall we sin against so much goodness, and such love?

Verses 16-20 Every man is the servant of the master to whose commands he yields himself; whether it be the sinful dispositions of his heart, in actions which lead to death, or the new and spiritual obedience implanted by regeneration. The apostle rejoiced now they obeyed from the heart the gospel, into which they were delivered as into a mould. As the same metal becomes a new vessel, when melted and recast in another mould, so the believer has become a new creature. And there is great difference in the liberty of mind and spirit, so opposite to the state of slavery, which the true Christian has in the service of his rightful Lord, whom he is enabled to consider as his Father, and himself as his son and heir, by the adoption of grace. The dominion of sin consists in being willingly slaves thereto, not in being harassed by it as a hated power, struggling for victory. Those who now are the servants of God, once were the slaves of sin.

Verses 21-23 The pleasure and profit of sin do not deserve to be called fruit. Sinners are but ploughing iniquity, sowing vanity, and reaping the same. Shame came into the world with sin, and is still the certain effect of it. The end of sin is death. Though the way may seem pleasant and inviting, yet it will be bitterness in the latter end. From this condemnation the believer is set at liberty, when made free from sin. If the fruit is unto holiness, if there is an active principle of true and growing grace, the end will be everlasting life; a very happy end! Though the way is up-hill, though it is narrow, thorny, and beset, yet everlasting life at the end of it is sure. The gift of God is eternal life. And this gift is through Jesus Christ our Lord. Christ purchased it, prepared it, prepares us for it, preserves us to it; he is the All in all in our salvation.

Cross References

• 1. ver. 15; [Romans 3:8]
• 2. ver. 11; Romans 7:4, 6; Galatians 2:19; Colossians 2:20; Colossians 3:3; 1 Peter 2:24
• 3. Galatians 3:27
• 4. See Matthew 28:19
• 5. Colossians 2:12
• 6. ver. 9; Romans 8:11; See Acts 2:24
• 7. [John 11:40; 2 Corinthians 13:4]
• 8. 2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:15; Ephesians 4:23, 24; Colossians 3:10; [Romans 7:6]
• 9. [2 Corinthians 4:10]
• 10. Colossians 3:10, 11">Phil. Colossians 3:10, 11; [Colossians 2:12; Colossians 3:1]
• 11. Ephesians 4:22; Colossians 3:9
• 12. Galatians 2:20; Galatians 5:24; Galatians 6:14
• 13. [Romans 7:24]
• 14. 1 Peter 4:1
• 15. [ver. 18]
• 16. 2 Timothy 2:11; [2 Corinthians 4:10; 2 Corinthians 13:4]
• 17. Acts 13:34; Revelation 1:18
• 18. [Romans 5:14, 17]
• 19. See Hebrews 7:27
• 20. See ver. 2
• 21. ver. 14; Psalms 19:13; Psalms 119:133; Micah 7:19; [2 Corinthians 5:17]
• 22. Romans 7:5; Colossians 3:5
• 23. Romans 12:1; 1 Peter 2:24; 1 Peter 4:2
• 24. [Romans 8:2, 12]
• 25. See ver. 12
• 26. ver. 1
• 27. [1 Corinthians 9:21]
• 28. [ver. 20; Matthew 6:24]; See John 8:34
• 29. See Romans 1:8
• 30. [2 Timothy 1:13]
• 31. ver. 22; Romans 8:2; [ver. 7]; See John 8:32
• 32. [ver. 22]
• 33. See Romans 3:5
• 34. See ver. 13
• 35. [1 Corinthians 9:27]
• 36. See ver. 16
• 37. Romans 7:5; [Jeremiah 12:13]
• 38. [2 Corinthians 4:2]
• 39. Romans 1:32; Romans 8:6, 13; Proverbs 14:12; Galatians 6:8
• 40. See ver. 18
• 41. 1 Corinthians 7:22; 1 Peter 2:16
• 42. Romans 7:4
• 43. 1 Peter 1:9
• 44. [Romans 2:7]; See Romans 5:12

Footnotes

• [a]. Greek man
• [b]. Greek has been justified
• [c]. Greek bondservants. Twice in this verse and verse 19; also once in verses 17, 20

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO ROMANS 6

The Apostle having finished his design concerning the doctrine of justification, refutes the charge brought against it as a licentious doctrine, and prevents any ill use that might be made of it by men of evil minds, justified persons by the strongest arguments, and with the best of motives to holiness of life and conversation: he saw, that whereas he had affirmed in the preceding chapter, that sin being made to abound by the law, in the condemnation of sinners, the grace of God the more abounded in their justification and pardon; that some would rise up and object, that this doctrine countenances men's continuance in sin, and opens a door to all manner of iniquity; and that others would abuse this doctrine, and encourage themselves in a vicious course of life, upon this mistaken notion, that the grace of God would be the more illustrious by it; all which is suggested in Ro 6:1, to which an answer is returned in Ro 6:2, with an abhorrence of everything of this kind; and by an argument, showing the absurdity and inconsistency of it, seeing persons dead to sin, as justified ones are, cannot live in it: and that they are dead to sin, and under obligation to live unto righteousness, he argues from their baptism into Christ's death, which represents their being dead with Christ, and buried with him, Ro 6:3,4, and likewise the resurrection of Christ from the dead, and theirs by him, whereby they are both fitted and obliged to walk in newness of life; since they are, and should be like him, as in his death, so in his resurrection from the dead: and the rather, as they are implanted in him, as the branches in the vine, Ro 6:4,5, and especially as it was the great end of his death, that by the crucifixion of sin with him, it might so be destroyed, that his people should be no more servants to it, Ro 6:6, this being proved, that justified ones are dead to sin, the apostle argues upon it, that such are freed from sin, Ro 6:7, and therefore ought not, and cannot live in it; for this must be given into as an article of faith, that such as are dead with Christ live, and shall live a life of communion with him, Ro 6:8, which is inconsistent with living in sin: he further argues from the resurrection of Christ, which was not to die more, Ro 6:9, and suggests, that in like manner, those who have been dead and buried, and risen with him, which their baptism signifies, should not live in sin, which is no other than dying again; and to strengthen this, directs to the ends of Christ's death and resurrection, Ro 6:10, the end of the one being unto sin, to finish, make an end of that, and be the death of it, and the end of the other, being living unto God; wherefore in like manner, such who profess to be Christ's, to be justified by his righteousness, to be baptized into his death, and to be risen with him, should account themselves dead unto sin, and so not live in it, and alive to God through the righteousness of Christ, and so live to his honour and glory, Ro 6:11, and having thus answered the objection, and removed the calumny, and set this matter in a clear light, the apostle proceeds to dehort from sinning, and to exhort to holiness of life, Ro 6:12,13, in which he compares sin to a tyrant, the lusts of it to the laws of such an one, and which therefore should not be obeyed; and the rather, as the wages of them are death, and have made the body already mortal; wherefore the members of it should not be employed in such service, but in the service of God: and whereas it might be objected, that sin is too strong and prevalent, and has got the mastery, and will keep its power, the apostle declares it as a promise of grace, that sin shall not have the dominion, Ro 6:14, giving this as a reason, because such as are justified and sanctified, are not under the law, as a covenant of works, but under the covenant of grace, of which this promise is a part; and in order to prevent an ill use of this doctrine, and remove an objection that might be made, that if not under the law, men are under no restraints, but may go on in sin without control, he answers it with his usual detestation, Ro 6:15, and argues the folly and absurdity of living in sin upon such an account, because it would make them servants of sin unto death, Ro 6:16, and so they were before conversion, but now were otherwise, for, which they had reason to be thankful, Ro 6:17, since through the grace of God they had yielded an hearty obedience to the Gospel; wherefore to obey sin would be to return to their former state of bondage; whereas being freed from the power and dominion of sin, they were now the servants of righteousness, and ought to act becoming such a character, Ro 6:18, wherefore it was but acting the part of reasonable men, it was but their reasonable service, to yield themselves servants, not to sin and uncleanness, but to righteousness and holiness, Ro 6:19, in order to engage to which, the apostle puts them in mind of their former state; how that when they were in subjection to sin, they had nothing to do with the exercise of righteousness, Ro 6:20, and therefore as there was an alteration made in them, they ought to be just the reverse in their conduct and conversation; for he appeals to them, that they had no pleasure nor profit in their former course of life; which had brought upon them shame and confusion, and must have ended in death, had it not been for the grace of God, Ro 6:21, but now as they were delivered from the slavery and dominion of sin, they were under a better master, were servants to God; and the fruit of their service was holiness, and the issue of all would be everlasting life, Ro 6:22, which is illustrated by the contrary, Ro 6:23, the wages due from the service of sin, and which only could be expected from it, being death; whereas grace and holiness, the gift of God, issue in eternal life by Christ Jesus; in whose hands it is, and through whom it comes, and is enjoyed.