1 Samuel 17:16-58

16 Goliath challenged the Israelites every morning and evening for forty days.
17 One day Jesse said to David, "Take a half-bushel of this roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread, and hurry with them to your brothers in the camp.
18 And take these ten cheeses to the commanding officer. Find out how your brothers are getting along and bring back something to show that you saw them and that they are well.
19 King Saul, your brothers, and all the other Israelites are in Elah Valley fighting the Philistines."
20 David got up early the next morning, left someone else in charge of the sheep, took the food, and went as Jesse had told him to. He arrived at the camp just as the Israelites were going out to their battle line, shouting the war cry.
21 The Philistine and the Israelite armies took positions for battle, facing each other.
22 David left the food with the officer in charge of the supplies, ran to the battle line, went to his brothers, and asked how they were getting along.
23 As he was talking with them, Goliath came forward and challenged the Israelites as he had done before. And David heard him.
24 When the Israelites saw Goliath, they ran away in terror.
25 "Look at him!" they said to each other. "Listen to his challenge! King Saul has promised to give a big reward to the man who kills him; the king will also give him his daughter to marry and will not require his father's family to pay taxes."
26 David asked the men who were near him, "What will the man get who kills this Philistine and frees Israel from this disgrace? After all, who is this heathen Philistine to defy the army of the living God?"
27 They told him what would be done for the man who killed Goliath.
28 Eliab, David's oldest brother, heard David talking to the men. He became angry with David and said, "What are you doing here? Who is taking care of those sheep of yours out there in the wilderness? You smart aleck, you! You just came to watch the fighting!"
29 "Now what have I done?" David asked. "Can't I even ask a question?"
30 He turned to another man and asked him the same question, and every time he asked, he got the same answer.
31 Some men heard what David had said, and they told Saul, who sent for him.
32 David said to Saul, "Your Majesty, no one should be afraid of this Philistine! I will go and fight him."
33 "No," answered Saul. "How could you fight him? You're just a boy, and he has been a soldier all his life!"
34 "Your Majesty," David said, "I take care of my father's sheep. Any time a lion or a bear carries off a lamb,
35 I go after it, attack it, and rescue the lamb. And if the lion or bear turns on me, I grab it by the throat and beat it to death.
36 I have killed lions and bears, and I will do the same to this heathen Philistine, who has defied the army of the living God.
37 The Lord has saved me from lions and bears; he will save me from this Philistine." "All right," Saul answered. "Go, and the Lord be with you."
38 He gave his own armor to David for him to wear: a bronze helmet, which he put on David's head, and a coat of armor.
39 David strapped Saul's sword over the armor and tried to walk, but he couldn't, because he wasn't used to wearing them. "I can't fight with all this," he said to Saul. "I'm not used to it." So he took it all off.
40 He took his shepherd's stick and then picked up five smooth stones from the stream and put them in his bag. With his sling ready, he went out to meet Goliath.
41 The Philistine started walking toward David, with his shield bearer walking in front of him. He kept coming closer,
42 and when he got a good look at David, he was filled with scorn for him because he was just a nice, good-looking boy.
43 He said to David, "What's that stick for? Do you think I'm a dog?" And he called down curses from his god on David.
44 "Come on," he challenged David, "and I will give your body to the birds and animals to eat."
45 David answered, "You are coming against me with sword, spear, and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the Israelite armies, which you have defied.
46 This very day the Lord will put you in my power; I will defeat you and cut off your head. And I will give the bodies of the Philistine soldiers to the birds and animals to eat. Then the whole world will know that Israel has a God,
47 and everyone here will see that the Lord does not need swords or spears to save his people. He is victorious in battle, and he will put all of you in our power."
48 Goliath started walking toward David again, and David ran quickly toward the Philistine battle line to fight him.
49 He reached into his bag and took out a stone, which he slung at Goliath. It hit him on the forehead and broke his skull, and Goliath fell face downward on the ground.
50 And so, without a sword, David defeated and killed Goliath with a sling and a stone! 1
51 He ran to him, stood over him, took Goliath's sword out of its sheath, and cut off his head and killed him. 2 When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they ran away.
52 The men of Israel and Judah shouted and ran after them, pursuing them all the way to Gath and to the gates of Ekron. The Philistines fell wounded all along the road that leads to Shaaraim, as far as Gath and Ekron.
53 When the Israelites came back from pursuing the Philistines, they looted their camp.
54 David got Goliath's head and took it to Jerusalem, but he kept Goliath's weapons in his own tent.
55 When Saul saw David going out to fight Goliath, he asked Abner, the commander of his army, "Abner, whose son is he?" "I have no idea, Your Majesty," Abner answered.
56 "Then go and find out," Saul ordered.
57 So when David returned to camp after killing Goliath, Abner took him to Saul. David was still carrying Goliath's head.
58 Saul asked him, "Young man, whose son are you?" "I am the son of your servant Jesse from Bethlehem," David answered.

1 Samuel 17:16-58 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 17

This chapter relates how the armies of Israel, and of the Philistines, prepared for battle, and where, 1Sa 17:1-3, describes a champion of the Philistines, who defied the armies of Israel, 1Sa 17:4-11, and while he was so doing, it informs us that David came into the camp, and he heard his words, and signified to one and another his inclination to fight with him, 1Sa 17:12-30, which being reported to Saul, David was sent for by him, and much discourse passed between them about it, 1Sa 17:31-37 when we are told the manner in which he engaged with the Philistine, and the victory he obtained over him, 1Sa 17:38-51 upon which the Philistines fled, and Israel pursued them; and on account of this action David was taken notice of by Saul, and brought to court again, as the following chapter shows, 1Sa 17:52-58.

Cross References 2

  • 1. 17.50 2 Samuel 21.19.
  • 2. 17.51 2 Samuel 21.29.

Footnotes 2

  • [a]. to pay taxes; [or] either to pay taxes or serve him.
  • [b]. [One ancient translation] Gath; [Hebrew] a valley.
Scripture taken from the Good News Translation - Second Edition, Copyright 1992 by American Bible Society. Used by Permission.