Revelation 12

The Woman, Israel

1 A great ¹sign appeared ²in heaven: ³a woman ⁴clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars;

2 and she was with child *; and she ⁵cried out, being in labor and in pain to give birth.

The Red Dragon, Satan

3 Then ⁶another sign appeared in heaven: and behold, a great red ⁷dragon having ⁸seven heads and ⁹ten horns, and on his heads were ¹⁰seven diadems.

4 And his tail swept away a ¹¹third of the stars of heaven and ¹²threw them to the earth. And the ¹³dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that when she gave birth ¹⁴he might devour her child.

The Male Child, Christ

5 And ¹⁵she gave birth to a son, a male child, who is to ¹⁶rule all the nations with a rod of iron; and her child was ¹⁷caught up to God and to His throne.

6 Then the woman fled into the wilderness where she had a place prepared by God, so that there she would be nourished for ¹⁸one thousand two hundred and sixty days.

The Angel, Michael

7 And there was war in heaven, ¹⁹Michael and his angels waging war with the ²⁰dragon. The dragon and ²¹his angels waged war,

8 and they were not strong enough, and there was no longer a place found for them in heaven.

9 And the great ²²dragon was thrown down, the ²³serpent of old who is called the devil and ²⁴Satan, who ²⁵deceives the whole world; he was ²⁶thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.

10 Then I heard ²⁷a loud voice in heaven, saying, "Now the ²⁸ salvation, and the power, and the ²⁹ kingdom of our God and the authority of His Christ have come, for the ³⁰ accuser of our brethren has been thrown down, he who accuses them before our God day and night.

11 "And they ³¹overcame him because of ³²the blood of the Lamb and because of ³³the word of their testimony, and they ³⁴did not love their life even when faced with death.

12 "For this reason, ³⁵rejoice, O heavens and ³⁶you who dwell in them. ³⁷Woe to the earth and the sea, because ³⁸the devil has come down to you, having great wrath, knowing that he has only ³⁹a short time."

13 And when the ⁴⁰dragon saw that he was thrown down to the earth, he persecuted ⁴¹the woman who gave birth to the male child.

14 But the ⁴²two wings of the great eagle were given to the woman, so that she could fly ⁴³into the wilderness to her place, where she was nourished for ⁴⁴a time and times and half a time, from the presence of the serpent.

15 And the ⁴⁵serpent poured water like a river out of his mouth after the woman, so that he might cause her to be swept away with the flood.

16 But the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened its mouth and drank up the river which the dragon poured out of his mouth.

17 So the dragon was enraged with the woman, and went off to ⁴⁶make war with the rest of her ⁴⁷children, who ⁴⁸keep the commandments of God and ⁴⁹hold to the testimony of Jesus.

Revelation 12 Commentary

Chapter 12

A description of the church of Christ and of Satan, under the figures of a woman and of a great red dragon. (1-6) Michael and his angels fight against the devil and his angels, who are defeated. (7-12) The dragon persecutes the church. (13,14) His vain endeavours to destroy her, He renews his war against her seed. (14-17)

Verses 1-6 The church, under the emblem of a woman, the mother of believers, was seen by the apostle in vision, in heaven. She was clothed with the sun, justified, sanctified, and shining by union with Christ, the Sun of Righteousness. The moon was under her feet; she was superior to the reflected and feebler light of the revelation made by Moses. Having on her head a crown of twelve stars; the doctrine of the gospel, preached by the twelve apostles, is a crown of glory to all true believers. As in pain to bring forth a holy family; desirous that the conviction of sinners might end in their conversion. A dragon is a known emblem of Satan, and his chief agents, or those who govern for him on earth, at that time the pagan empire of Rome, the city built upon seven hills. As having ten horns, divided into ten kingdoms. Having seven crowns, representing seven forms of government. As drawing with his tail a third part of the stars in heaven, and casting them down to the earth; persecuting and seducing the ministers and teachers. As watchful to crush the Christian religion; but in spite of the opposition of enemies, the church brought forth a manly issue of true and faithful professors, in whom Christ was truly formed anew; even the mystery of Christ, that Son of God who should rule the nations, and in whose right his members partake the same glory. This blessed offspring was protected of God.

Verses 7-11 The attempts of the dragon proved unsuccessful against the church, and fatal to his own interests. The seat of this war was in heaven; in the church of Christ, the kingdom of heaven on earth. The parties were Christ, the great Angel of the covenant, and his faithful followers; and Satan and his instruments. The strength of the church is in having the Lord Jesus for the Captain of their salvation. Pagan idolatry, which was the worship of devils, was cast out of the empire by the spreading of Christianity. The salvation and strength of the church, are only to be ascribed to the King and Head of the church. The conquered enemy hates the presence of God, yet he is willing to appear there, to accuse the people of God. Let us take heed that we give him no cause to accuse us; and that, when we have sinned, we go before the Lord, condemn ourselves, and commit our cause to Christ as our Advocate. The servants of God overcame Satan by the blood of the Lamb, as the cause. By the word of their testimony: the powerful preaching of the gospel is mighty, through God, to pull down strong holds. By their courage and patience in sufferings: they loved not their lives so well but they could lay them down in Christ's cause. These were the warriors and the weapons by which Christianity overthrew the power of pagan idolatry; and if Christians had continued to fight with these weapons, and such as these, their victories would have been more numerous and glorious, and the effects more lasting. The redeemed overcame by a simple reliance on the blood of Christ, as the only ground of their hopes. In this we must be like them. We must not blend any thing else with this.

Verses 12-17 The church and all her friends might well be called to praise God for deliverance from pagan persecution, though other troubles awaited her. The wilderness is a desolate place, and full of serpents and scorpions, uncomfortable and destitute of provisions; yet a place of safety, as well as where one might be alone. But being thus retired could not protect the woman. The flood of water is explained by many to mean the invasions of barbarians, by which the western empire was overwhelmed; for the heathen encouraged their attacks, in the hope of destroying Christianity. But ungodly men, for their worldly interests, protected the church amidst these tumults, and the overthrow of the empire did not help the cause of idolatry. Or, this may be meant of a flood of error, by which the church of God was in danger of being overwhelmed and carried away. The devil, defeated in his designs upon the church, turns his rage against persons and places. Being faithful to God and Christ, in doctrine, worship, and practice, exposes to the rage of Satan; and will do so till the last enemy shall be destroyed.

Cross References

• 1. Matthew 24:30; Revelation 12:3
• 2. Revelation 11:19
• 3. Galatians 4:26
• 4. Psalms 104:2; Song of Songs 6:10
• 5. Isaiah 26:17; Isaiah 66:6-9; Micah 4:9
• 6. Revelation 12:1; Revelation 15:1
• 7. Isaiah 27:1; Revelation 12:4, 7, 9, 13, 16; Revelation 13:2, 4, 11; Revelation 16:13; Revelation 20:2
• 8. Revelation 13:1; Revelation 17:3, 7, 9f
• 9. Dan 7:7, 20, 24; Revelation 13:1; Revelation 17:12, 16
• 10. Revelation 13:1; Revelation 19:12
• 11. Revelation 8:7, 12
• 12. Daniel 8:10
• 13. Isaiah 27:1; Revelation 12:3, 7, 9, 13, 16; Revelation 13:2, 4, 11; Revelation 16:13; Revelation 20:2
• 14. Matthew 2:16
• 15. Isaiah 66:7
• 16. Psalms 2:9; Revelation 2:27
• 17. 2 Corinthians 12:2f
• 18. Revelation 11:3; Revelation 13:5
• 19. Daniel 10:13, 21; Daniel 12:1; Jude 9
• 20. Revelation 12:3
• 21. Matthew 25:41
• 22. Revelation 12:3
• 23. Genesis 3:1; 2 Corinthians 11:3; Revelation 12:15; Revelation 20:2
• 24. Matthew 4:10; Matthew 25:41
• 25. Revelation 13:14; Revelation 20:3, 8, 10
• 26. Luke 10:18; John 12:31
• 27. Revelation 11:15
• 28. Revelation 7:10
• 29. Revelation 11:15
• 30. Job 1:11; Job 2:5; Zechariah 3:1; Luke 22:31; 1 Peter 5:8
• 31. John 16:33; 1 John 2:13; Revelation 15:2
• 32. Revelation 7:14
• 33. Revelation 6:9
• 34. Luke 14:26; Revelation 2:10
• 35. Psalms 96:11; Isaiah 44:23; Revelation 18:20
• 36. Revelation 13:6
• 37. Revelation 8:13
• 38. Revelation 12:9
• 39. Revelation 10:6
• 40. Revelation 12:3
• 41. Revelation 12:5
• 42. Exodus 19:4; Deuteronomy 32:11; Isaiah 40:31
• 43. Revelation 12:6
• 44. Daniel 7:25; Daniel 12:7
• 45. Genesis 3:1; 2 Corinthians 11:3; Revelation 12:9; Revelation 20:2
• 46. Revelation 11:7; Revelation 13:7
• 47. Genesis 3:15
• 48. 1 John 2:3; Revelation 14:12
• 49. Revelation 1:2; Revelation 6:9; Revelation 14:12; Revelation 19:10

Footnotes

• [a]. Or "shepherd"
• [b]. Or "Gentiles"
• [c]. Lit "they would nourish her for"
• [d]. Lit "inhabited earth"
• [e]. Lit "to death"
• [f]. Or "tabernacle"
• [g]. Lit "face"
• [h]. Lit "threw"
• [i]. Lit "And"
• [j]. Lit "threw"
• [k]. Lit "seed"

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO REVALATION 12

This chapter contains a vision of two wonders or signs seen in heaven, a woman and a dragon, and an account of what followed thereon, war both in heaven and earth. The vision of the woman is in Re 12:1,2, who is described by her being clothed with the sun; by her having the moon under her feet; by a crown of twelve stars on her head; and by her pregnancy, travail, pains, and cry. The vision of the dragon is in Re 12:3,4, who is described by his size, a great one; by his colour, red; by the number of his heads and horns, and the crowns on the former; by the force and strength of his tail, drawing and casting: down to the earth the third part of the stars of heaven; and by his position, standing before the woman, in order to devour her child when born. Next follows an account of the birth of her child, and what became of that and her: the child is said to be a man child, is described as a monarch, and as advanced to great honour and dignity; but she flies into the wilderness, where a place is prepared for her of God, and where she is hid for the space of 1260 days, Re 12:5,6; upon this ensues a war in heaven; the combatants on one side were Michael and his angels, and on the other the dragon and his; the issue of which was, that the latter were conquered, and cast out into the earth, Re 12:7-9, on account of which victory a triumphant song is sung by the inhabitants of heaven, because of salvation and strength that were come to them; and because of the kingdom and power of Christ, which now took place; and because of the ejection of Satan, the accuser of their brethren; in which song also notice is taken of the manner in which Satan was overcome by those he accused, by the blood of the Lamb, by the word of their testimony, and by their death; and it is concluded with an apostrophe to those that dwell in heaven, calling on them to rejoice, and to the inhabitants of the earth denouncing woe to them, because the devil was among them, whose wrath was great, his time being short, Re 12:10-12. Next follow the dragon's persecution of the woman, and her flight into the wilderness, and the care took of her there, as before described, Re 12:13,14; then the method the serpent took to annoy her, the help she received from the earth, and the wrath of the dragon upon that; which put him upon making war with the remnant of her seed, who kept the commandments of God, and had the testimony of Jesus, Re 12:15-17.