And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be cloven
footed
Not only its hoofs are parted, but cloven quite through, and so in this respect answers Moses's first descriptive character of clean creatures; though Aristotle F21 and Pliny F23 speak of some kind of swine in Illyricum, Paeonia, and other places, which have solid hoofs; but perhaps these were not properly swine, though so called:
yet he cheweth not the cud;
and a learned physician observes F24, that such creatures that chew not the cud, so perfect a chyle cannot be elaborated by them as is by those that chew the cud, and therefore their flesh must be less wholesome; and of the swine, he says F25, they have but one belly, and so there is no rumination or chewing the cud by them; wherefore they are to be placed, and are in a lower degree than the camel, the coney, and the hare; and as they cannot digest the chyle so well as those that chew the cud, and also live upon most sordid and filthy food, the eating of swine's flesh, he observes, must produce many inconveniences to the body, as especially scorbutic, arthritic, scabious, and leprous disorders: so Manetho the Egyptian says F26, that he that eats swine's milk is liable to be filled with the leprosy; and Maimonides F1 gives it as the principal reason of its being forbid the Jews, because it is such a filthy creature, and eats such filthy things:
he [is] unclean to you:
and so it has always been accounted by the Jews, and nothing is more abominable to them, as is even testified by Heathen F2 writers; and in this they have been imitated by many nations, particularly the Egyptians, who, as Herodotus says F3, reckon swine a very filthy creature; so that if anyone does but touch it passing by, he is obliged to plunge himself into a river with his clothes on; and keepers of them may not go into any of their temples, nor do the rest of the Egyptians intermarry with them, but they marry among themselves; the reason of this their abhorrence of swine, Aelianus says F4, is because they are so gluttonous that they will not spare their own young, nor abstain from human flesh; and this, says he, is the reason why the Egyptians hate it as an impure and voracious animal: likewise the Arabians entirely abstain from swine's flesh, as Solinus says F5, who adds, that if any of this sort of creatures is carried into Arabia, it immediately dies; and the same Pliny F6 attests: and so the Phoenicians, the near neighbours of the Jews, would not eat the flesh of them; hence Antoninus is said to abstain from it after the manner of the Phoenicians F7, unless the historian should mean the Jews; also the Gallo-Grecians or Galatians F8; nay, even the Indians have such an abhorrence of it, that they would as soon taste of human flesh as taste of that F9, and it is well known that the Mahometans abstain from it; and they have such an aversion to it, that if any chance to kill a wild pig, for tame they have none, they look on the merit of it to be almost equivalent to the killing a Christian in fight F11: now these creatures may be an emblem of filthy and impure sinners, especially apostates, who return to their former impurities and wallow in them, ( 2 Peter 2:22 ) .