Deuteronomy 21:1

1 If, in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess, a body is found lying in open country, and it is not known who struck the person down,

Deuteronomy 21:1 Meaning and Commentary

Deuteronomy 21:1

If one be found slain
After public war with an enemy, Moses proceeds to speak of a private quarrel and fight of one man with another, in which one is slain, as Aben Ezra observes:

in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it;
where murders might be committed more secretly, and remain undiscovered, when they came to live in separate cities, towns, and villages, with fields adjacent to them, than now encamped together:

lying in the field;
where the quarrel begun, and where the fight was fought: or, however, where the murderer met with his enemy, and slew him, and left him; it being common for duels to be fought, and murders committed in a field; the first murder in the world was committed in such a place, ( Genesis 4:8 ) . The Targum of Jonathan is,

``not hidden under an heap, not hanging on a tree, nor swimming on the face of the waters;''

which same things are observed in the Misnah F9, and gathered from some words in the text:

in the land,
and so not under a heap;

lying,
and so not hanging;

in the field,
and so not swimming on the water:

and it be not known who hath slain him;
the parties being alone, and no witnesses of the fact, at least that appear; for, if it was known, the heifer was not beheaded, later mentioned F11; and one witness in this case was sufficient, and even one that was not otherwise admitted.


FOOTNOTES:

F9 Sotah, c. 9. sect. 2.
F11 Maimon. Hilchot Rotzeach, c. 9. sect. 11, 12.

Deuteronomy 21:1 In-Context

1 If, in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess, a body is found lying in open country, and it is not known who struck the person down,
2 then your elders and your judges shall come out to measure the distances to the towns that are near the body.
3 The elders of the town nearest the body shall take a heifer that has never been worked, one that has not pulled in the yoke;
4 the elders of that town shall bring the heifer down to a wadi with running water, which is neither plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the wadi.
5 Then the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, for the Lord your God has chosen them to minister to him and to pronounce blessings in the name of the Lord, and by their decision all cases of dispute and assault shall be settled.
New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.