Numbers 5:11-31

The Test for an Unfaithful Wife

11 Then the LORD said to Moses,
12 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘If a man’s wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him
13 so that another man has sexual relations with her, and this is hidden from her husband and her impurity is undetected (since there is no witness against her and she has not been caught in the act),
14 and if feelings of jealousy come over her husband and he suspects his wife and she is impure—or if he is jealous and suspects her even though she is not impure—
15 then he is to take his wife to the priest. He must also take an offering of a tenth of an ephah[a] of barley flour on her behalf. He must not pour olive oil on it or put incense on it, because it is a grain offering for jealousy, a reminder-offering to draw attention to wrongdoing.
16 “ ‘The priest shall bring her and have her stand before the LORD.
17 Then he shall take some holy water in a clay jar and put some dust from the tabernacle floor into the water.
18 After the priest has had the woman stand before the LORD, he shall loosen her hair and place in her hands the reminder-offering, the grain offering for jealousy, while he himself holds the bitter water that brings a curse.
19 Then the priest shall put the woman under oath and say to her, “If no other man has had sexual relations with you and you have not gone astray and become impure while married to your husband, may this bitter water that brings a curse not harm you.
20 But if you have gone astray while married to your husband and you have made yourself impure by having sexual relations with a man other than your husband”—
21 here the priest is to put the woman under this curse—“may the LORD cause you to become a curse[b] among your people when he makes your womb miscarry and your abdomen swell.
22 May this water that brings a curse enter your body so that your abdomen swells or your womb miscarries.” “ ‘Then the woman is to say, “Amen. So be it.”
23 “ ‘The priest is to write these curses on a scroll and then wash them off into the bitter water.
24 He shall make the woman drink the bitter water that brings a curse, and this water that brings a curse and causes bitter suffering will enter her.
25 The priest is to take from her hands the grain offering for jealousy, wave it before the LORD and bring it to the altar.
26 The priest is then to take a handful of the grain offering as a memorial[c] offering and burn it on the altar; after that, he is to have the woman drink the water.
27 If she has made herself impure and been unfaithful to her husband, this will be the result: When she is made to drink the water that brings a curse and causes bitter suffering, it will enter her, her abdomen will swell and her womb will miscarry, and she will become a curse.
28 If, however, the woman has not made herself impure, but is clean, she will be cleared of guilt and will be able to have children.
29 “ ‘This, then, is the law of jealousy when a woman goes astray and makes herself impure while married to her husband,
30 or when feelings of jealousy come over a man because he suspects his wife. The priest is to have her stand before the LORD and is to apply this entire law to her.
31 The husband will be innocent of any wrongdoing, but the woman will bear the consequences of her sin.’ ”

Numbers 5:11-31 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 5

This chapter contains a repetition of some former laws, concerning putting unclean persons out of the camp, Nu 5:1-4; making restitution in case of trespass against another, Nu 5:5-8; and of giving the offering of all holy things and all hallowed things to the priests, Nu 5:9,10; and a new law concerning jealousy, in a man, of his wife, Nu 5:11-14; when she was to be brought to the priest, and various rites and ceremonies to be used, Nu 5:15-23; who was to give her bitter water as a trial of her chastity, which, if guilty, would have a strange effect upon her, and make her accursed, but if not, would not affect her, and she would be free and happy, Nu 5:24-31.

Cross References 24

  • 1. ver 19-21; S Exodus 20:14
  • 2. S Exodus 20:14; Leviticus 18:20; Leviticus 20:10
  • 3. ver 30; Proverbs 6:34; Proverbs 27:4; Song of Songs 8:6
  • 4. S Exodus 16:36
  • 5. S Leviticus 6:20
  • 6. ver 18,25
  • 7. Ezekiel 21:23; Ezekiel 29:16
  • 8. S Leviticus 10:6; 1 Corinthians 11:6
  • 9. ver 15
  • 10. ver 19
  • 11. ver 12,29
  • 12. ver 18
  • 13. ver 12
  • 14. Joshua 6:26; 1 Samuel 14:24; Nehemiah 10:29
  • 15. Psalms 109:18
  • 16. ver 18
  • 17. Deuteronomy 27:15
  • 18. Jeremiah 45:1
  • 19. Leviticus 8:27
  • 20. S Leviticus 2:2
  • 21. Isaiah 43:28; Isaiah 65:15; Jeremiah 26:6; Jeremiah 29:18; Jeremiah 42:18; Jeremiah 44:12,22; Zechariah 8:13
  • 22. S ver 19
  • 23. S ver 14
  • 24. S Leviticus 5:1; Leviticus 20:17

Footnotes 3

  • [a]. That is, probably about 3 1/2 pounds or about 1.6 kilograms
  • [b]. That is, may he cause your name to be used in cursing (see Jer. 29:22); or, may others see that you are cursed; similarly in verse 27.
  • [c]. Or "representative"
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