Hebreos 9

El culto en el tabernáculo terrenal

1 Ahora bien, el primer pacto tenía sus normas para el culto, y un santuario terrenal.

2 En efecto, se habilitó un tabernáculo de tal modo que en su primera parte, llamada el Lugar Santo, estaban el candelabro, la mesa y los panes consagrados.

3 Tras la segunda cortina estaba la parte llamada el Lugar Santísimo,

4 el cual tenía el altar de oro para el incienso y el arca del pacto, toda recubierta de oro. Dentro del arca había una urna de oro que contenía el maná, la vara de Aarón que había retoñado, y las tablas del pacto.

5 Encima del arca estaban los querubines de la gloria, que cubrían con su sombra el lugar de la expiación.^[a] Pero ahora no se puede hablar de eso en detalle.

6 Así dispuestas todas estas cosas, los sacerdotes entran continuamente en la primera parte del tabernáculo para celebrar el culto.

7 Pero en la segunda parte entra únicamente el sumo sacerdote, y solo una vez al año, provisto siempre de sangre que ofrece por sí mismo y por los pecados de ignorancia cometidos por el pueblo.

8 Con esto el Espíritu Santo da a entender que, mientras siga en pie el primer tabernáculo, aún no se habrá revelado el camino que conduce al Lugar Santísimo.

9 Esto nos ilustra hoy día que las ofrendas y los sacrificios que allí se ofrecen no tienen poder alguno para perfeccionar la conciencia de los que celebran ese culto.

10 No se trata más que de reglas externas relacionadas con alimentos, bebidas y diversas ceremonias de purificación, válidas solo hasta el tiempo señalado para reformarlo todo.

La sangre de Cristo

11 Cristo, por el contrario, al presentarse como sumo sacerdote de los bienes definitivos^[b] en el tabernáculo más excelente y perfecto, no hecho por manos humanas (es decir, que no es de esta creación),

12 entró una sola vez y para siempre en el Lugar Santísimo. No lo hizo con sangre de machos cabríos y becerros, sino con su propia sangre, logrando así un rescate eterno.

13 La sangre de machos cabríos y de toros, y las cenizas de una novilla rociadas sobre personas impuras, las santifican de modo que quedan limpias por fuera.

14 Si esto es así, ¡cuánto más la sangre de Cristo, quien por medio del Espíritu eterno se ofreció sin mancha a Dios, purificará nuestra conciencia de las obras que conducen a la muerte, a fin de que sirvamos al Dios viviente!

15 Por eso Cristo es mediador de un nuevo pacto, para que los llamados reciban la herencia eterna prometida, ahora que él ha muerto para liberarlos de los pecados cometidos bajo el primer pacto.

16 En el caso de un testamento,^[c] es necesario constatar la muerte del testador,

17 pues un testamento solo adquiere validez cuando el testador muere, y no entra en vigor mientras vive.

18 De ahí que ni siquiera el primer pacto se haya establecido sin sangre.

19 Después de promulgar todos los mandamientos de la ley a todo el pueblo, Moisés tomó la sangre de los becerros junto con agua, lana escarlata y ramas de hisopo, y roció el libro de la ley y a todo el pueblo,

20 diciendo: «Esta es la sangre del pacto que Dios ha mandado que ustedes cumplan».^[d]

21 De la misma manera roció con la sangre el tabernáculo y todos los objetos que se usaban en el culto.

22 De hecho, la ley exige que casi todo sea purificado con sangre, pues sin derramamiento de sangre no hay perdón.

23 Así que era necesario que las copias de las realidades celestiales fueran purificadas con esos sacrificios, pero que las realidades mismas lo fueran con sacrificios superiores a aquellos.

24 En efecto, Cristo no entró en un santuario hecho por manos humanas, simple copia del verdadero santuario, sino en el cielo mismo, para presentarse ahora ante Dios en favor nuestro.

25 Ni entró en el cielo para ofrecerse vez tras vez, como entra el sumo sacerdote en el Lugar Santísimo cada año con sangre ajena.

26 Si así fuera, Cristo habría tenido que sufrir muchas veces desde la creación del mundo. Al contrario, ahora, al final de los tiempos, se ha presentado una sola vez y para siempre a fin de acabar con el pecado mediante el sacrificio de sí mismo.

27 Y así como está establecido que los seres humanos mueran una sola vez, y después venga el juicio,

28 también Cristo fue ofrecido en sacrificio una sola vez para quitar los pecados de muchos; y aparecerá por segunda vez, ya no para cargar con pecado alguno, sino para traer salvación a quienes lo esperan.

Hebreos 9 Commentary

Chapter 9

The Jewish tabernacle and its utensils. (1-5) Their use and meaning. (6-10) These fulfilled in Christ. (11-22) The necessity, superior dignity, and power of his priesthood and sacrifice. (23-28)

Verses 1-5 The apostle shows to the Hebrews the typical reference of their ceremonies to Christ. The tabernacle was a movable temple, shadowing forth the unsettled state of the church upon earth, and the human nature of the Lord Jesus Christ, in whom the fulness of the Godhead dwelt bodily. The typical meaning of these things has been shown in former remarks, and the ordinances and articles of the Mosaic covenant point out Christ as our Light, and as the Bread of life to our souls; and remind us of his Divine Person, his holy priesthood, perfect righteousness, and all-prevailing intercession. Thus was the Lord Jesus Christ, all and in all, from the beginning. And as interpreted by the gospel, these things are a glorious representation of the wisdom of God, and confirm faith in Him who was prefigured by them.

Verses 6-10 The apostle goes on to speak of the Old Testament services. Christ, having undertaken to be our High Priest, could not enter into heaven till he had shed his blood for us; and none of us can enter, either into God's gracious presence here, or his glorious presence hereafter, but by the blood of Jesus. Sins are errors, great errors, both in judgment and practice; and who can understand all his errors? They leave guilt upon the conscience, not to be washed away but by the blood of Christ. We must plead this blood on earth, while he is pleading it for us in heaven. A few believers, under the Divine teaching, saw something of the way of access to God, of communion with him, and of admission into heaven through the promised Redeemer, but the Israelites in general looked no further than the outward forms. These could not take away the defilement or dominion of sin. They could neither discharge the debts, nor resolve the doubts, of him who did the service. Gospel times are, and should be, times of reformation, of clearer light as to all things needful to be known, and of greater love, causing us to bear ill-will to none, but good-will to all. We have greater freedom, both of spirit and speech, in the gospel, and greater obligations to a more holy living.

Verses 11-14 All good things past, present, and to come, were and are founded upon the priestly office of Christ, and come to us from thence. Our High Priest entered into heaven once for all, and has obtained eternal redemption. The Holy Ghost further signified and showed that the Old Testament sacrifices only freed the outward man from ceremonial uncleanness, and fitted him for some outward privileges. What gave such power to the blood of Christ? It was Christ's offering himself without any sinful stain in his nature or life. This cleanses the most guilty conscience from dead, or deadly, works to serve the living God; from sinful works, such as pollute the soul, as dead bodies did the persons of the Jews who touched them; while the grace that seals pardon, new-creates the polluted soul. Nothing more destroys the faith of the gospel, than by any means to weaken the direct power of the blood of Christ. The depth of the mystery of the sacrifice of Christ, we cannot dive into, the height we cannot comprehend. We cannot search out the greatness of it, or the wisdom, the love, the grace that is in it. But in considering the sacrifice of Christ, faith finds life, food, and refreshment.

Verses 15-22 The solemn transactions between God and man, are sometimes called a covenant, here a testament, which is a willing deed of a person, bestowing legacies on such persons as are described, and it only takes effect upon his death. Thus Christ died, not only to obtain the blessings of salvation for us, but to give power to the disposal of them. All, by sin, were become guilty before God, had forfeited every thing that is good; but God, willing to show the greatness of his mercy, proclaimed a covenant of grace. Nothing could be clean to a sinner, not even his religious duties; except as his guilt was done away by the death of a sacrifice, of value sufficient for that end, and unless he continually depended upon it. May we ascribe all real good works to the same all-procuring cause, and offer our spiritual sacrifices as sprinkled with Christ's blood, and so purified from their defilement.

Verses 23-28 It is evident that the sacrifices of Christ are infinitely better than those of the law, which could neither procure pardon for sin, nor impart power against it. Sin would still have been upon us, and have had dominion over us; but Jesus Christ, by one sacrifice, has destroyed the works of the devil, that believers may be made righteous, holy, and happy. As no wisdom, learning, virtue, wealth, or power, can keep one of the human race from death, so nothing can deliver a sinner from being condemned at the day of judgment, except the atoning sacrifice of Christ; nor will one be saved from eternal punishment who despises or neglects this great salvation. The believer knows that his Redeemer liveth, and that he shall see him. Here is the faith and patience of the church, of all sincere believers. Hence is their continual prayer as the fruit and expression of their faith, Even so come, Lord Jesus.

Footnotes

• [a]. "el lugar de la expiación" . Lit. "el propiciatorio" .
• [b]. "definitivos" . Var. "venideros" .
• [c]. En griego la misma palabra se emplea para "pacto " y para "testamento" ; también en v. 17.
• [d]. Éx 24:8

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO HEBREWS 9

The apostle having, in the former chapter, taken notice of the first covenant, in this proceeds to show what belonged to it, that it had service performed under it, and a place in which it was performed, Heb 9:1 and he begins with the latter, which he distinguishes into two parts, and shows what was in each of them; in the first, which was the holy place, were a candlestick, table, and shewbread; in the second, which was the holiest of all, were a golden censer, the ark of the covenant, the golden pot of manna, Aaron's rod, the tables of the covenant, and the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat, Heb 9:2-5. And next he speaks of the service performed in these places; in the first, the holy place, the common priests entered every day, doing service, as offering sacrifice Heb 9:6 and in the second, the holy of holies, only the high priest entered into, and that but once a year, with blood of slain beasts, which he offered for his own sins, and the sins of the people, Heb 9:7 and this being shut up, and entered into but once a year, was an indication from the Holy Ghost, that the way into the holiest of all, which this was then a figure of, was not yet made manifest, while the tabernacle or temple was standing, in which sacrifices were offered, which could not perfect the offerer of them, or remove guilt from his conscience, Heb 9:8,9 which shows the imperfection of that priesthood, it consisting of meats, drinks, baptisms, and carnal ordinances imposed on the Jewish nation until the times of the Messiah, Heb 9:10 which are now come, and in which there is an accomplishment of all those types and figures; Christ was typified by the high priest; and he is come as such, and the good things, the law was a shadow of, are come by him; who came into the world by the assumption of human nature, a more perfect tabernacle than the type of it was; and now having obtained eternal redemption for his people, he is gone into heaven, the most holy place, not as the high priest, with the blood of slain beasts, but with his own blood, Heb 9:11,12 the efficacy of which blood is argued from the lesser to the greater, that if the blood of beasts, and water of separation, sanctified and purified externally, then much more must the blood of Christ purge the conscience from sin, that it may serve God, since Christ offered himself to God without spot, through the eternal Spirit, Heb 9:13,14. The necessity of Christ's shedding his blood, or of his death, is proved from his being the Mediator of the new covenant, which required the redemption of transgressions under the first testament, that called ones might have the promise of the eternal inheritance, Heb 9:15. And this is reasoned from the nature of testaments or wills among men, which make the death of the testator necessary, they being of no force while he lives, only after his death, Heb 9:16,17. And this is further illustrated by the first testament being dedicated by blood, and everything belonging to it purged by it, the book, the people, the tabernacle, and all the vessels of it; nor is there any remission of sin, whether typical or real, without shedding of blood, Heb 9:18-22 wherefore, as it was necessary that the patterns and types of heavenly things should be purified in this manner; it must be more so, that the antitypes should be purified with better sacrifices, even with the sacrifice of Christ, Heb 9:23 and accordingly Christ is entered into heaven itself, of which the holy places in the tabernacle were figures, there to present and plead his sacrifice on account of his people, Heb 9:24 not that it was necessary that he should offer up himself again, or often, as the high priest, his type, went every year into the holy place with the blood of others; for then he must have often suffered since the world began, of which there was no need, since his appearing once in the end of the world, to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself, is sufficient, Heb 9:25,26 for as it is the appointment of God, that men should die but once, and then come to judgment, so it was only necessary that Christ should be offered once to bear the sins of all his people, and then appear a second time without any sin at all upon him, to the salvation of those that look for him, Heb 9:27,28.